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Melasma is a chronic Skin Concerns characterized by dark brown, gray, or tan patches, primarily affecting areas exposed to sunlight, such as the cheeks, forehead, upper lip, and chin. It is more common in women, particularly during pregnancy, earning it the name “pregnancy mask.” Melasma occurs due to excessive melanin production, triggered by hormonal changes, sun exposure, and genetic factors. Though not harmful, melasma can significantly impact one's appearance and self-confidence.

Causes of Melasma

Melasma develops when melanocytes (pigment-producing cells) become overactive and produce excess melanin.

Sun Exposure

Ultraviolet (UV) radiation stimulates melanin production, worsening existing melasma and triggering new patches. Continuous sun exposure without protection is the primary cause.

Hormonal Changes

Pregnancy, birth control pills, and hormone replacement therapy can increase melanin production, leading to melasma. Estrogen and progesterone fluctuations are major contributors.

Heat & Inflammation

Excessive heat from the environment, cooking, or sauna use can stimulate melanocytes, worsening pigmentation. Inflammatory skin conditions can also contribute.

Genetic Predisposition

People with a family history of melasma are more likely to develop the condition. It is especially prevalent in individuals with darker skin tones.

Treatment for Melasma

Managing acne requires a combination of medical treatments, skincare routines, & lifestyle adjustments tailored to the severity and type of acne.

Topical Treatments
Hydroquinone

A widely used skin-lightening agent that inhibits melanin production, reducing dark patches.

Azelaic Acid

An anti-inflammatory ingredient that brightens hyperpigmentation and improves skin texture.

Kojic Acid

Derived from fungi, this natural compound inhibits tyrosinase, an enzyme essential for melanin production.

Vitamin C

A powerful antioxidant that reduces pigmentation, brightens skin tone, and protects against free radicals.

Retinoids (Tretinoin, Adapalene)

Promote cell turnover, helping fade dark spots and preventing further pigmentation.

Dermatological Procedures

Chemical Peels

Exfoliate the top layer of skin, promoting cell renewal and reducing hyperpigmentation. Common peels include glycolic acid, salicylic acid, and trichloroacetic acid (TCA).

Microneedling

Stimulates collagen production, enhances skin repair, and improves the penetration of topical treatments for better results.

Laser Therapy

Low-intensity lasers target pigment deposits, breaking down excess melanin while preserving surrounding skin.

Lifestyle Changes for Melasma Management

A proper skincare routine and lifestyle adjustments play a crucial role in managing melasma and preventing further pigmentation.

Incorporate Antioxidant Rich Foods

A diet high in vitamins C, E, and polyphenols (found in green tea, berries, and leafy greens) helps reduce oxidative stress and skin inflammation.

Daily Sunscreen Application

Use a broad-spectrum sunscreen (SPF 50+) with UVA and UVB protection, even on cloudy days, to prevent UV induced pigmentation.

Avoid Prolonged Sun Exposure

Wear wide-brimmed hats, sunglasses, and protective clothing to shield your skin from direct sunlight.

Use Gentle Skincare Products

Harsh products can worsen melasma; use mild, non-comedogenic, fragrance-free skincare.

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Disclaimer

The content provided on this website (www.dermaclinix.in) is intended solely for educational and awareness purposes regarding various skin and hair conditions and the treatment options available. It should not be considered as medical advice or a substitute for professional consultation with a qualified dermatologist. For an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment plan, we strongly advise patients to visit a dermatologist in person. Please note that treatment outcomes may vary from person to person based on their specific condition and response to the treatments.

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